本字幕由3e-online3E帝国原创听译制作 仅供学习交流,严禁用于商业用途,转载请注明出处 更多精彩字幕请登录 bbs.3e-online.com
■
3E字幕组诚意招募 QQ：932764648
英文听录 Jeff
翻译/时间轴 Jeff
调校/后期 剑齿虎
My name is Chris D. Nebe. I'm the creator of the mysterious China series.
Today, I'd like to address the issue of the Diaoyu Islands.
These islands have recently become a catalyst for Pacific aggression.
The Diaoyu Islands conflict
is one those disturbing relics of those imperial colonialism
which continue on Africa, the Middle East and Asia to this day
In this particular case, it is Imperial Japan which in 1895
after the first Sino-Japanese war, annexed the Diaoyu Islands.
These islands have been Chinese territory since ancient times.
The issue of the Diaoyu Islands
is best understood in the context of the comprehensive history between China and Japan
which will be addressed in chronological order.
While much of this history is disastrous and at times horrifying,
the purpose of this film is to encourage reconciliation.
Geographically separated by only a narrow stretch of ocean,
China has strongly influenced the Japanese culture.
Despite introducing Zen Buddhism, the arts of writing,
philosophy, architecture and law to Japan,
the relations between the two countries have been tragic since time immemorial.
The first recorded conflict between China and Japan took place in 663 A.D.
During the Tang Dynasty in the battle of Baekgang
in which Japan attacked and was defeated by China.
This set the stage for future tensions.
Maritime trade between China and Japan has always been important.
The ports in Ningbo and Hangzhou in Zhejiang province
had the most direct commercial links with Japan.
Japanese pirates were a constant problem
not only for Chinese and Korean traders, but for the Japanese as well.
At that time, Japan was also ravaged by civil wars.
Subsequently, the Ming Dynasty which ruled from 1358 to 1644
decreed that Ningbo was the only port where Japanese-Chinese trading could took place.
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
was one of the great unifiers of Japan.
He wanted to conquer China,
when Korea, at that time, a vassal state of China
refused to permit Japan passage through that territory,
Toyotomi Hideyoshi invaded Korea and eventually Manchuria in 1592.
But the Japanese were unable to keep their supply lines open
because Korean guerrilla forces continued disrupting them
Subsequently, the Japanese were forced to accept the truth in 1593.
It lasted about 4 years after which the Yoshi once again attacked.
This time the Chinese and Koreans
were well-prepared and again defeated Japan.
The frustrated Japanese troops retreated from the Korean peninsula
obliterating cities and slaughtering civilians as they went.
In 1633,
in order to once-for-all ward off foreign influences in Japan,
the Tokugawa Shogunate decided to abolish all international trade
and have no more direct links with the outside world.
In China, defending Hideyoshi second invasion
had drained the treasury of the Ming Dynasty
and left the vulnerable against the Manchus
who eventually ended the Ming Dynasty and established the Qing Dynasty in 1644.
During the early Meiji Restoration era of the Imperial Japan
the Meiji Emperor fought with China over control of the Ryukyu Islands
which were an independent kingdom and a vassal state of China.
In 1879,
the Imperial Japan annexed the Ryukyu Islands
and established the Okinawa Prefecture.
15 years later, the first Sino-Japanese war began in 1894,
not only over the control of the Korea
which was still a vassal state of China,
but also because Japan wanted to conquer Manchuria yet again.
Strategically located and rich in natural resources,
Manchuria had been a battle ground through out the centuries,
as China, Japan and Russia fought bitterly for control over it.
The history of this land between the Yellow Sea and the Mo River
which forms its border with Russia
has been written in blood and tears.
After more than 6 months of fierce fighting
with thousands of civilians massacred by Japanese invaders
the weak Qing Dyansty agreed to a cease-fire.
On April 17, 1895, in the Treaty of Shimonoseki,
the Qing Dynasty was forced to recognize the independence of Korea,
sea to Japan, in perpetuity,
the Liaodong Peninsula as well as the Penghu Islands
and the Island of Taiwan.
In addition, the Qing Dynasty had to pay a huge ransom in cash.
At that time, the Imperial Japan also annexed
the Diaoyu Islands as spoils of war
and immediately incorporated the uninhabited islands as part of the Okinawa Prefecture
under the sovereignty of Japan.
This was done,
even though the Diaoyu Islands had historically been the Chinese territory
and the annexation was never part of the Shimonoseki Treaty.
Within China,
the devastating defeat by Japan and the acceptance of the humiliating Shimonoseki Treaty
along with many foreign nations won to colonize China
became a catalyst for political change.
The Righteous Harmony Society,
a Chinese nationalist movement opposing foreign influence and imperial colonialism,
started the Boxer rebellion which lasted from 1899 to 1901.
The boxer refused to accept the fact of the proud, ancient civilization of the middle kingdom
had been brought to its knees by foreign gun boats,
British opium and Japanese military oppression.
The imperial, colonial nations alliance defeated the Boxer Uprising,
and so merrily executed all those suspected of being boxer sympathizers.
The Russian emperor and the Qing Dynasty
had maintained a long peace
since the 1689 Nerchinsk Treaty.
However, tsarist forces of Alexander II, the Liberator,
took the advantage of the decayed Qing Dynasty
the by imposing the 1858 Aigun Treaty
and the 1860 Convention of Peking
in which China had to cede territory in Manchuria,
much of which is still held by Russia to this day.
The 1904,1905 Russo-Japanese war was the first great war of the 20th century,
it grew out of the rival of the imperial ambitions of the Russian and Japanese empires
over control of Manchuria and Korea.
Russian also wanted a warm water port with access to the Pacific Ocean.
The Japanese defeated the Russians in a series of battles on land and sea
pushing the Russians drew retreat north of the Mo River.
In a peace treaty,
Imperial Russia recognized Korea as part of the Japanese sphere of influence,
and agreed to evacuate parts of Manchuria.
Continued in tense rivalry among Great Britain,
Russia, the United States, Australia,
Germany, France, Austria, Italy and Imperial Japan,
prevented China from being carved up into many separated colonies by these allied nations,
known as the imperial powers,
each vied to enlarge its colonial holdings,
but their in-fighting resulted only in an even more chaotic status quo.
The 10th imperial colonial power in China was Portugal,
which controlled Macao.
Contrary to the other imperial colonial powers,
Portugal enjoyed friendly relations with China.
From mutual benefit,
the Ming Dynasty had leased Macao to Portugal
in 1558 as a trading port.
In 1999,
sovereignty over Macao was transferred back to China,
and since then, this former trading port
has become an international gambling and entertainment center,
surpassing Las Vegas in profits.
But the continuous invasions by foreign imperial colonial powers in the 19th century
had dragged the middle kingdom into an abyss of suffering and backwardness.
which in turn intensified the Chinese people's yearnings for peace and harmony.
The resentment against the imperial colonial powers
and the sense of historic injustice
continued to fester and inspire the revolutionary forces within China.
The weakened Qing Dynasty continued to disintegrate during the Hsinhai Revolution,
finally collapsing after the Wuchang Uprising of 1911.
Having ruled China since 1644
the Qing Dynasty was replaced by the Republic of China,
which was formally established on January 1, 1912.
This ended over 2000 years of imperial rule in China.
The much revered revolutionary, Doctor Sun Yat-Sen,
was the first president and the founding father of the Republic of China.
He received his medical degree from the University of Hong Kong,
and had extensively traveled in the west.
Doctor Sun's political philosophy is known as the Three Principles of the People,
Nationalism, Democracy and the People's Livelihood.
Doctor Sun passed away in 1925.
His Mausoleum is a testament to a great legacy he left behind.
It is situated at the foot of the Purple Mountain in Nanjing,
the capital of Jiangsu province.
An interesting example of how alliances were short lived
opportunistic and constantly shift between the imperial colonial nations,
occurred during WWI.
Right after WWI had started,
Japan and Great Britain joined forces in 1914,
attacking and occupying the German colony and port city of Tsingtao on the yellow sea.
Japanese imperialist ambitions steadily increased during 1920s,
focusing on the complete conquest of Manchuria,
but the powerful Chinese warlord
Zhang Zoulin, stood in Japan's way.
As a result, in 1928,
the Japanese assassinated Zhang Zoulin by bombing his train.
Imperial Japan's military aggressions
continued and culminated in the 1931 Mukden incident
which was the explosion of the railway track.
The Japanese had engineered the so-called act of sabotage,
using it as a pretext to invade all of Manchuria,
and immediately established the Puppy State of Manchukuo with Puyi,
the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty as its sovereign.
In Manchukuo, the Japanese mobilized more than 10 million Chinese
for slave, labor in manufacturing industries and agriculture.
Taking the advantage of the Manchuria fertile soil,
large opium, poppy plantations were cultivated.
Known to mankind since pre-historic times,
opium is the oldest and most widely used narcotic.
It has always had an ambiguous reputation,
on one hand it is addictive and deadly,
and on the other, usualized extensively in medicine as a pain killer.
It is the latex obtained from the opium poppy which is frequently processed chemically
to produce Heroin for the illegal drug trade.
In 1937, the League of Nations in Geneva, Switzerland
the fore-runner of the United Nations
stated that 90% of the world-wide illegal opium and heroin trade
was in the hands of the Japanese drug dealers.
Ultimately, it was the Marco Polo Bridge incident in Peking
that finally started the full-scale second Sino-Japanese war
which lasted from 1937 to 1945.
During that time,
Imperial Japan's ferocious war machine not only conquered most of China,
but also committed some of the most atrocious war crimes in the history of mankind,
such as 1937 Nanjing Massacre.
The rape of Nanjing raged on for three months,
with more than 300,000 civilians savagely slaughtered.
In honor of the victims,
the Nanjing Massacre Memorial was built in 1985
on the grounds of the massacre graves
with Wu Weishan sculptures
vividly capturing the horrids at that dreadful time
underneath these stones, rest the remains of the innocent victims.
Without warning, in May 1939,
Imperial Japan fanatically attacked Russia.
But the Soviets beat back the Japanese and drew deep into Manchukuo.
The Japanese losses were enormous.
Desperately, Japan tried to stamp the red tide
but failed and was forced to retreat
In August of 1939,
the red army suddenly retreated as well
while propaganda loud speakers blared
announcing the withdraw of the Soviet forces.
The gullible Imperial Japanese General Stuff
swallowed the Soviet rules.
The next day, to their complete surprise,
the red army began an unexpected and devastating offensive
keeping the retreating Japanese on the run until September 18, 1939.
when Russia forced Japan to sign an armistice agreement
Just 16 days earlier,
Nazi Germany had invaded Poland, touching off WWII.
This war, conceived in the minds of two dictators,
Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini, took the lives of millions
and changed the world forever.
Meanwhile, the slaughter in the far east continued
as the Imperial Japan occupied more and more of China and South East Asia
Why of the Chinese, when all their 4000 years of history were never waged in an aggressive war
enforced to fight
fight, die, by the millions
because China is lamp,
4 million square miles
and because China is people 450 million of them
and because Japan had planned to use them both.
Phase one, the conquest of Manchuria for all materials.
Phase two, the absorption of China for manpower.
Phase three, a triumphant sweep to the south to seize the riches of the Indies.
Phase four, the eastward move to crash the United States.
One fact was obvious,
China was to be the giant back on which Japan would ride to world conquest
just as Russia was to be enslaved for Germany.
On December 7, 1941,
Imperial Japan attacked Pearl Harbor,
destroy most of the US Pacific fleet,
2402 Americans were killed,
and 1828 wounded.
The attack came as a profound shock to the American people,
and as a result,
the United States of America entered WWII.
As Japan conquered more and more countries in Asia,
hideous war crimes archieved well documented continued to escalate.
The 1945 Nuremberg Charter
defines war crimes as quote:"violations of the laws of customs of war"
which include crimes against enemy civilians and combatants.
Japanese war crimes ranged from massacres of non-combatant civilians
to horrific experiments with humans, biological warfare,
and the use of weapons of mass destruction.
Most European nations had already realized the imperial colonial conquests
when in the late 19th century
Japan followed the lead of those world powers
developing their own imperial colonialism
and pursued their objectives aggressively
The scorched earth strategy
sanctioned by Empire Hirohito himself
directed Japanese imperial forces
to kill all, burn all and destroy all.
This policy, also called " The Three Alls Policy",
was implemented with brutal force in China by General Yasuji Okamura,
and resulted in the killing of millions of Chinese.
Most of them were males between the ages 15-60,
suspected of being potential threats to Imperial Japan.
Okamura was convicted of war crimes at the Tokyo Tribunal,
but never served his sentence,
and died in 1966
at his home in Tokyo.
Based in the suburb of Harbin,the largest city in the Japanese Puppy State of Manchukuo,
the infamous Unit 731
conducted ghastly experiments,
including but not limited to
vivisection and amputations without anaesthesia
under the command of the Surgeon Major General Shirō Ishii.
Shirō Ishii was never executed for any war crimes.
the United States of America granted him and his team Immunity,
and exchange for full disclosure
of the weapons of mass destruction warfare data
collected from their extensive experiments.
Over a half million of Chinese were killed,
with experiments of bacteriological warfare
with bubonic plague,
cholera, anthrax, and other lethal diseases.
During the second Sino-Japanese war,
weapons of mass destruction
were extensively used against the Chinese.
Rather than taking allied airmen as prisoners of war,
it was common practice to execute them after the Japanese had captured and interrogated them.
During WWII,
as the Americans cut off Japanese supply lines,
staring Japanese soldiers on the remote Pacific islands
survived by committing acts of cannibalism.
One of the greatest tragedies was the plight of the comfort women,
these were young, innocent girls
forced into sexual slavery in Japanese military brothels,in occupied countries.
Hundreds of thousands of comfort women
endured serial rape day and night in the so-called Comfort Stations.
They came from China, Korea
and later from all over the Japanese occupied territories in Asia,
among them Australians as well as Dutch from Indonesia.
Eventually,
some of these women bravely came forward,
writing about their chromatic experiences
in their memoirs.
The most well-known of these authors,
Jan Ruff-O'Herne
also testified that US House of Representative's Foreign Affairs Committee
about her deal as a sex slave,
which started, when, at the age of 19,
she was captured with her family by the Japanese in the Dutch East Indies,
today is Indonesia.
As Japan continued to conquer Southeast Asia,
the war crimes committed by imperial forces continued to mount,
the 1942 Batan death march in the Philippines
was the forceable transfer of an estimated 80,000 Filipino and American prisoners of war.
After the 3 months devastating battle of Batan,
thousands died before their reach to their destination.
It was followed by the 1942 Laha Massacre
of Australian and Dutch civilians,
who were bayoneted and beheaded in cold blood.
At the same time,
the Banka Island Massacre in Indonesia took place,
with these Australian nurse were order to wade waist deep into the ocean
and with their machine gun to death.
However, one of them survived,
and in 1947,
gave evidence of the massacre of at the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal.
During the 1942 Sook Ching Massacre in Singapore,
an estimated 19,000 civilians
were executed by the Japanese in an act of systematic extermination.
Shortly thereafter followed the Parit Sulong Massacre
of Australian and Indian prisoners of war in Malaysia.
In 1943,
during the Wake Island Massacre,
98 American civilians working as slave labor
were executed by the Japanese.
After the 1944 Palawan Massacre in the Philippines,
and the 1945 Kalagong Massacre in Burma,
Japanese atrocities finally culminated in the 1945 Manila Massacre,
where over 100,000 civilians were killed,
and the city totally destroyed.
These are just some of the sad statistics of Imperial Japan's war crimes,
that are to this day
avoided a wide watch in Japanese History School books
Japan's hawkish politicians
continue to deny the terror and suffering
their nation unleashed on their Asian neighbors,
before entering WWII.
To this day, no post-WWII Japanese government
has apologized to China for the war crimes of the Imperial Japan.
One of Japan's arsenal cities was selected as the first ??? atomic power
21 days after the New Mexico dress rehearsal,
a lone B-29 was over Hiroshima,
carrying an atomic bomb.
At 8:15 in the morning of August 6, Japanese time, the first atomic bomb hit an enemy target.
The bomb was aimed to explode above 0 point.
From the instant of that first blast until Hiroshima vanished from the list of living cities,
the president delivered another ultimatum.
Surrender or face complete destruction?
Japanese ignored the ultimatum.
It was evident that the atomic power to break the enemy must become a tale of two cities.
Nagasaki was selected to become the target city No.2.
Exactly three days after Hiroshima,
a B-29 set out for Nagasaki.
At 10:58, the morning of August 9,
the bomb was exploded above the city and in the towering mushroom,
Japan could read its doom.
This was more than a routine bombing,
it was the funeral pair of an aggressor nation.
The bomb had been purposely exploded high,
so that the greatest part of its radioactive material was dissipated in atmosphere
In order to force...
Imperial Japan to surrender in WWII,
the United States of America
committed the ultimate crime against humanity
by dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima
and Nagasaki,
killing a hundreds of thousands,
obliterating cities and contaminating environment.
Thereafter,
on September 2, 1945,
the Empire of Japan finally surrendered
unconditionally.
Admiral Hirsch third fleet
becomes the scene of the unforgettable ceremony
marking the complete and formal surrender of Japan.
It is Sunday, September 2, 1945
Cameramen and reporters of many countries recorded this historic moment.
A war which entered its 8th terrible year in China,
which has raised for 3 years and 9 months for America and Britain,
which was the brutal,
costly eastern half of the most horrible world wide war in human history,
is now within minutes of ending for good.
The time is 9:05 AM,
the Japanese has been on board exactly 10 minutes.
Swarms of United States aircraft
flying formation overhead as the ceremony ends.
The final United Nations victory has been won.
The war is over.
Peace is here.
In the 1943 Human Rights Treaty of Cairo in Egypt,
and the 1945 German Potsdam Proclamation,
British Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill,
US. President Harry Truman,
and Soviet Marshall Josef Stalin
ordered Japan to return to China
all ceded territories
of the 1895 Shimonoseki Treaty.
It is at this point
that the Diaoyu Islands issue
could have been easily resolved.
The Diaoyu, or Senkaku Islands as they are now called by Japan
were not part of the Shimonoseki Treaty,
because Meiji Imperial Japan had annexed the islands in 1895
in a moral infringement against China's sovereignty.
Japan treated the islands as the war booty,
and incorporated them as part of the Okinawa Prefecture.
This is the historic truth
that the Japanese government
continues to ignore today.
In this connection
it is interesting to know that only in 1900
that the Imperial Japan had adopted the name Senkaku for these islands
that had always been known since ancient times by their Chinese name, the Diaoyu Islands.
In the 1951 San Fransisco Treaty between Japan and USA
the Diaoyu Islands was placed under the administration of the United States.
In vain,
both Beijing and Taiwan
protested this US administration of the Diaoyu Islands.
Neither the People's Republic of China nor Taiwan
were consulted nor invited at the signatories to the 1951
San Fransisco Peace Treaty.
This clearly demonstrates the political climate of those days,
which was dictated by cold war hysteria.
an official television report to the nation
from the United States Army.
Now to show you part of the big picture,
here is Sergeant Stuart Quinn.
Japan is the key to the fate of the far east.
Once again, for the second time, in the much of the modern history,
those words have urgent reality.
But now, there is a difference in their meaning.
The United States Army has come to know Japan well in recent years,
in war, in occupation,
and finally, in partnership.
Our ties of friendship with Japan are strong,
and this fact lies part of our strength,
and much of our hope for peace.
This is Sergeant Stuart Quinn,
inviting you to be with this on the same channel next week,
for another look at the big picture.
The United States Army in action.
The big picture is a weekly television report
to the nation on the activities of the army
at home and overseas.
It is arguable,
that the real Diaoyu Islands conflict
stems from the so-called administrative rights of the United States.
America is a third party
as dictated control
over this contest territory
since WWII.
In the 1951 San Fransisco Treaty,
America failed to support a fair
and constructive solution,
resulting in deny justice for China.
The uninhabited Diaoyu Islands
lie northeast of Taiwan and west of Okinawa.
The territory consists of five small islands and three rocky outcroppings,
representing a total land mass of no more than 7 square kilometers,
or 3 square miles.
The Diaoyu Islands are already shown as a part of China,
in the early maritime charts of the famous Chinese navigator,
Zheng He,
a favorite of the Ming Dynasty Emperor, Yong Le,
who reigned from 1402 to 1424.
Zheng He,
commanded a massive fleet of ships
that sailed all over Asia,
Arabia, and Africa.
At that time,
China had the largest fleet on earth.
In contrast to the later,
European imperial colonialists
the Chinese explorers did not plunder,
or enslave the new found lands
but only introduced their culture
exchanging gifts and spreading god will
The voyages of Zheng He
were diplomatic landmarks
Another historic fact
is that Japanese maritime charts of 1783
as well as the official 1876 map of the Imperial Japan
showed that the Diaoyu Islands were not a part of Japan.
After 1949,
the People's Republic of China continued to address the Diaoyu Islands problem,
but neither Chairman Mao nor Premier Zhou Enlai
forced the issue with United States
which held the administrative rights
because these Chinese leaders wanted to establish friendly relations with America.
In the 1971 Okinawa Reversion Treaty
the United States appointed Japan as its administrator
of the Diaoyu Islands.
Later,
the pragmatic Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping
striving for economic reform and peaceful co-existence with both
America and Japan
made the famous statement
"let our grandchildren deal with this problem".
However,
China has never recognized America's or Japan's administrative rights
over th Diaoyu Islands.
Officially,
the United States of America does not take a position on the ultimate sovereignty over the Diaoyu Islands,
but it does recognize that the islands fall
under the security treaty obligations the US has with Japan,
the remained grave doubts as to the constructive role
the United States will play
in this ongoing dispute.
There is ample evidence that the involvement of the United States in Asian affairs
has more often to not heighten tensions
rather than ease them.
After the recent Diaoyu Island protests
during which scores of Japanese cars were destroyed
bilateral trade between China and Japan decline dramatically,
particularly damaging Japanese automobile sales in China.
At the same time,
diplomatic relations between the two countries have been strained nearly to the breaking point.
Better understanding of the history of these islands
and of the tragedies of the past
can only lead to reconciliation between these
two nations in the future.
The United States of America
can quell the tension
by encouraging its Japanese ally
to return the Diaoyu Island
to China and apologize to the Chinese people
for the war crimes of the Imperial Japan.
Our world has become a global village
We depend on each other.
We must understand and respect
our diversity.
The forces of history
determine the future. Thank you.
http://bbs.3e-online.com 2014.04.07 ================================ 本字幕仅供学习交流,转载请注明出处 ================================ 英文听录/翻译/时间轴：Jeff 调校/后期:剑齿虎